The ceric ammonium nitrate test is a way to examine a solution for the presence of either alcohols or phenols. In solution, the orange-yellow ceric ammonium nitrate makes a complex with the alcohol or phenol, which results in a color change. Alcohols cause a red color change, whereas phenols induce a more dark-red to dark-brown color change, depending on the phenol involved.

The reaction is as follows:

Materials

• Test tubes

• Test tube rack

• Ceric ammonium nitrate solution

• Compound to be tested

Safety information

Ceric ammonium nitrate is a strong oxidizer, corrosive, an irritant, and an environmental hazard. Contact with other materials may cause a fire. It is harmful if swallowed and eye contact may result in permanent eye damage. It causes eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation.

Procedure

1. Make a solution of the organic compound dissolved in a suitable solvent. Put 1 mL in a test tube.

2. Add a few drops of ceric ammonium nitrate solution.

3. If the solution becomes a red color then an alcohol group is present in the organic compound.

4. The red color disappears if:

   • You keep the reaction mixture for some time.

   • You add an excess of ceric ammonium nitrate solution. Therefore, avoid using an excess of ceric ammonium nitrate solution.

References:

• NCERT Lab Manual for Functional Group tests