The ceric ammonium nitrate test is a way to examine a solution for the presence of either alcohols or phenols. In solution, the orange-yellow ceric ammonium nitrate makes a complex with the alcohol or phenol, which results in a color change. Alcohols cause a red color change, whereas phenols induce a more dark-red to dark-brown color change, depending on the phenol involved.
The reaction is as follows:
Materials
Test tubes
Test tube rack
Ceric ammonium nitrate solution
Compound to be tested
Safety information
Ceric ammonium nitrate is a strong oxidizer, corrosive, an irritant, and an environmental hazard. Contact with other materials may cause a fire. It is harmful if swallowed and eye contact may result in permanent eye damage. It causes eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation.
Procedure
Make a solution of the organic compound dissolved in a suitable solvent. Put 1 mL in a test tube.
Add a few drops of ceric ammonium nitrate solution.
If the solution becomes a red color then an alcohol group is present in the organic compound.
The red color disappears if:
You keep the reaction mixture for some time.
You add an excess of ceric ammonium nitrate solution. Therefore, avoid using an excess of ceric ammonium nitrate solution.
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