Catabolic convergences

Glucose is released from the catabolism of complex carbohydrates such as sucrose and maltose. However, carbohydrates are not the only energy source of the cell. Fats and proteins can also be catabolized and eventually the products of catabolic reactions involving amino acids (building blocks of proteins) and fatty acids (building blocks of fats) feed into glycolysis or the Krebs cycle (see image below).

Diagram showing catabolic routes for sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids. The four steps of cellular respiration are shown: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Carbohydrates, as well as some amino acids, and glycerol, all enter the catabolic reactions during glycolysis. Some amino acids enter during pyruvate oxidation. During the Krebs cycle, fatty acids and some amino acids enter catabolic reactions.

Catabolic routes for sugars, amino acids and fatty acids.