DNA damage
DNA can be damaged by radiation, ultraviolet light, alkylating agents, hydrogen ions, and hydroxy radicals. A poor diet also may lead to DNA damage.
DNA damage leads to a change in the molecular structure of the DNA that can result in a change in the genetic information. The following are some examples of DNA damage:
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Deamination, depurination, and depyrimidination of bases
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Oxidative damage
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Alkylation of bases
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Single or double-strand breaks
Double-strand breaks are the most dangerous because they affect both DNA strands and can lead to the loss of genetic material.