Fossil record

Fossils provide solid evidence of evolution, and fossils show a progression of evolution. Scientists determine the age of fossils and categorize them from all over the world to determine when organisms lived relative to each other. The resulting fossil record tells the story of the past and shows the evolution of form over millions of years. For example, scientists have recovered highly detailed records showing the evolution of humans and horses.

On the left, 21 human-like skulls and 1 full human-like skeleton are displayed in a museum glass case. On the right, an illustration of horse-like and zebra-like animals in a field.

Figure 1. Examples of Ancient Species

In the display on the left, fossil hominids are arranged from oldest (bottom) to newest (top). As hominids evolved, the shape of the skull changed. On the right is an artist’s rendition of an extinct species of the genus Equus. It reveals that these ancient species resembled the modern horse (Equus ferus) but varied in size.

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Evidence for evolution