Neurons

Neurons cells are specialized in transmitting electrical nerve impulses to enable internal communication. Neurons are highly variable in size and shape in accordance with what purpose they serve. The cell body serves as the control center, where the organelles and nucleus are located. From the soma, protoplasmic extensions called dendrites extend and connect to neighboring neurons to act as the receiving end. The axon arises from the soma and propagates a signal to the synapsis at the axon terminal.

Neurons are supported by glial cells that provide nutrients, remove debris, insulate the electrical impulses, and provide structural support.

Neurons can be categorized in multiple ways including by their structure or by their function.

Figure 1: Microanatomy of a neuron