Specialized metabolism
In addition to the essential metabolites, cells also produce various specialized metabolites which are important for adjusting the cells to their environment.
The enzymatic pathways that yield specialized metabolites are very diverse and often unique to a few closely related species. Depending on the precursor derived from the primary metabolism, secondary metabolites are divided into these groups:
• Phenolic and polyphenolic compounds
• Nitrogen/sulphur containing compounds
Specialized metabolites fulfill many different functions such as protection from predators/herbivores and microbial pathogens or attractants for pollinators. We use many secondary metabolites as industrial materials, flavors, coloring, poisons and medicinal drugs.