Prepare the unknown concentration solution

• Place the unknown concentration solution in a conical flask using a calibrated pipette.
• Add a few drops of indicator into the unknown concentration solution.

Prepare the standard solution

• Fill a clean burette with the standard solution.

Perform titration

• Record the volume of the solution in the burette (First reading).
• The solution should be added dropwise from the burette while continually swirling the flask when the end-point is close.
• Record the volume of the solution in the burette (Final reading).

Prepare for analysis

• Repeat titration until concordant titres are achieved.
• Calculate the average of the concordant titers.

Points to consider about the titration procedure:

• Rough titration is performed before accurate titration.
• Reading the burette.
• Concordant titre.
• Swirling: It is important to keep a titration well mixed, so the acid and alkali can rapidly contact each other. You can either manually swirl the flask or use mechanical stirring.