Trophic cascades

There are several types of trophic cascades, the two main types of trophic cascades are bottom-up, and top-down cascades.

A top-down cascade describes a disturbance at the level of tertiary or quaternary predators. A Bottom-up cascade describes a disturbance of the primary producers. A wasp-waist cascade describes a disturbance in the middle of the food web.

A trophic cascade is a change which occurs in a particular trophic level which consequently disturbs the subsequent levels. An example of which could be an increase or decrease in apex predators due to a change in available resources.